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Shanyu (Archaic Chinese: dar wa;^{[citation needed]} traditional Chinese: 單于; simplified Chinese: 单于, transliterated Chanyu, the pronunciation in modern Mandarin; it is also sometimes transliterated Shanyu, supposedly because the initial consonant was sh; according to the National Chinese Dictionary Guoyu cidian（国语词典）, the pronunciation is Chanyu, with no special literary reading) was the title used by the rulers of the Xiongnu Luanti clan during the Qin and Han dynasties. Literally, the full phrase in which Chanyu is used means "son of endless sky", clearly an epithet for a ruler, just as the Chinese have called the emperor the "son of heaven". The Xiongnu leadership inheritance system seems to have been what the late Joseph Fletcher called blood tanistry, with the closest male relative inheriting the position of Shanyu from his predecessor. There were sixty historical Shanyu.^{[citation needed]}

Yabgu connections

It is believed by some historical linguists to be approximately pronounced "zyam-gu"^{[citation needed]} in archaic Chinese, and is therefore cognate^{[citation needed]}, or identical^{[citation needed]} to the title "Yabgu" used by the Turkic rulers throughout the medieval times. The earliest title "Yabgu" was as suggested by Friedrich Hirth to be transliterated as Xihou (Chinese: 翖侯; literally "United/Allied/Confederated Prince") by documents in literary Chinese with regard to Kushan contexts. However, the Chinese does not made clear whether the title was one bestowed on foreign leaders or rather a descriptive title indicating that they were allied, or united. It remains unclear whether the title indicates an alliance with the Chinese or simply with each other. A few scholars, such as Sims-Williams considered the Turkic "Yabgu" to be originally derived from the Chinese "Xihou".^[1]

According to Turkish name etymological site, the name "Yabgu" means "1. Eski Türk Devletlerinde "hükümdar" anlamında kullanılan bir san. 2. Yol gösterici, kılavuz."

List of Xiongnu Shanyus

See also

• Mulan

Notes

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