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| Communities | Flemish Community | French Community | German-speaking Community |
| Dutch name | Vlaamse Gemeenschap | (Franse Gemeenschap) | (Duitstalige Gemeenschap) |
| French name | (Communauté flamande) | Communauté française | (Communauté germanophone) |
| German name | (Flämische Gemeinschaft) | (Französische Gemeinschaft) | Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft |
| Location |  |
 |
 |
| Flag |  |
 |
 |
| Capital | Brussels (joint with Flemish region) |
Brussels | Eupen |
| Minister President | Kris Peeters (list) (joint with Flemish region) |
Rudy Demotte (list) | Karl-Heinz Lambertz (list) |
| Web site | www.flanders.be | www.cfwb.be | www.dglive.be |
Regions
| Region | Flemish Region | Walloon Region | Brussels-Capital Region |
| Dutch name | Vlaams Gewest | (Waals Gewest) | Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest |
| French name | (Région flamande) | Région wallonne | Région de Bruxelles-Capitale |
| German name | (Flämische Region) | Wallonische Region | (Region Brüssel-Hauptstadt) |
| Location |  |
.png) |
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| Flag | |
|
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| Capital | Brussels | Namur | Brussels |
| ISO 3166-2:BE | BE-BRU | ||
| Area | 13,522 km² (44.29% of Belgium) |
16,844 km² (55.18% of Belgium) |
161 km² (0.53% of Belgium) |
| Provinces | Antwerp Limburg Flemish Brabant East Flanders West Flanders |
Hainaut Walloon Brabant Namur Liège Luxembourg |
none |
| Municipalities | 308 | 262 | 19 |
| Population | 6,078,600 [2006][11] (58% of Belgium) |
3,413,978 [2006][11] (32% of Belgium) |
1,018,804 [2006][11] (10% of Belgium) |
| Population density | 442/km² | 199/km² | 6,238/km² |
| Minister-President | Kris Peeters (list) | Rudy Demotte (list) | Charles Picqué (list) |
| Web site | www.flanders.be | www.wallonie.be | www.brussels.irisnet.be |
| Belgium |
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Flemish Region
The Flemish Region or Flanders (Vlaams Gewest or Vlaanderen in Dutch) occupies the northern part of Belgium. It has a surface area of 13,522 km² (44.29% of Belgium) and is divided into 5 provinces which contain a total of 308 municipalities.
The official language is Dutch. French can be used for certain administrative purposes in a neat dozen so-called "municipalities with language facilities" around the Brussels-Capital Region and at the border with the Walloon Region.
Brussels is part of Flanders, but only for all its Flemish inhabitants and local institutions (which indeed live in both the Flemish Region and the Brussels Region). It is also the official capital of Flanders. The Flemish Region has no institutions on its own. Its competencies were transferred to the unified Flemish institutions that combine both regional and community competencies. As a result, the Flemish region (nor the Flemish Community) has not a single civil servant of its own, no legislative council etc. Since, the unified institutions exercise all their power and competencies (see also: Flemish Parliament and Flemish Government).
Provinces
- Flanders contains five provinces: West Flanders, East Flanders, Antwerp, Flemish Brabant, Limburg
Brussels-Capital Region
The Brussels-Capital Region (Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest in Dutch, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale in French, Die Region Brüssel-Hauptstadt in German) or Brussels Region is centrally located and completely surrounded by the province of Flemish Brabant and thus by the Flemish Region. With a surface area of 162 km² (0.53% of Belgium) it is the smallest of the three regions. It contains Brussels, which acts both as federal and regional capital, and in total 19 municipalities. The population breakdown in the region is as follows: ±85% French-speaking, ±15% Dutch-speaking. It's official languages are both Dutch and French. The Brussels Capital Region contains only one administrative district, the Brussels Capital District. However, for many administrative and juridical purposes (e.g. electoral purpose), it forms a district with surrounding Flemish areas (something considered by competent judicial authorities as contrary to the Belgian Constitution). However, this often creates dysfunctions in the public service, e.g. whenever mono-lingual French-speaking civil servants or policemen operate in the mono-lingual Flemish municipalities.
Although some believe, wrongly, that the capital of Belgium is the entire Brussels-Capital Region, article 194 of the Belgian Constitution lays down that the capital of Belgium is the City of Brussels municipality.[12] Arguments that article 194's use of lower case for "ville de Bruxelles" and "stad Brussel" makes a subtle difference and means that greater Brussels being represented as the capital cannot be legally defended. However, although the City of Brussels is the official capital, the funds allowed by the federation and region for the representative role of the capital are divided among the 19 municipalities, and some national institutions are sited in the other 18 municipalities. Thus, while de jure only the City of Brussels is entitled to the title of capital city of Belgium, de facto the entire Region plays this role.
Among the national institutions outside the city of Brussels, one can find many buildings of national ministries, including the main building of the ministry of pensions, the military headquarters (in Evere), the national telecommunications company. Finally, also the particular name of the Brussels region, with the explicit 'capital' in it, is a very symbolic proof of the ambitions from the main local politicians, and of the recognition for that capital function in Belgian legislation.
The Brussels Region does not belong to any of the provinces. Within the Region, 99% of the provincial competencies are assumed by the Brussels regional institutions. Remaining is only the governor of Brussels-Capital and some aides.
Within Brussels, the two Communities have their own institutions that act as "intermediary levels" of government and public service, sitting below the Community institutions, and above the municipal institutions:
- Vlaamse gemeenschapscommissie (VGC) and its administration;
- Commission Communautaire Française (COCOF) and its executive commission and its administration.
Walloon Region
The Walloon Region or Wallonia (Région Wallonne or Wallonie in French) occupies the southern part of Belgium. It has a surface area of 16,844 km² (55.18% of Belgium) and is also divided into 5 provinces which contain a total of 262 municipalities. Its capital is Namur.
The official languages are French and, only in the nine eastern municipalities that form the German-speaking Community near the German border, which were ceded by Germany after WWI, German. Dutch however, may be used for administrative purposes in the four municipalities with language facilities at the border with Flanders, and German in two such municipalities near the German-speaking Community.
Provinces
- Walloon Region contains five provinces: Hainaut, Walloon Brabant, Namur, Luxembourg, Liège
See also
References
- ^ "Als goede buren – Vlaanderen en de taalwetgeving – Taalgrens en taalgebieden" (in Dutch). Vlaanderen.be. http://www2.vlaanderen.be/ned/sites/taalwetgeving/taalgrens_en_taalgebieden.html. Retrieved on 2007-07-10.
- ^ a b "Politics — State structure". Flanders.be. Flemish Government. http://www.flanders.be/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=MVG_FL/Template/MVG_FL_Html_Detail&cid=1072097196838&enablelasturl=1&p=1053963211306. Retrieved on 2007-05-24.
- ^ Official website of Belgian state Democratic structure of Belgium (French)
- ^ (French) Tribunal Européen des Droits de l'Homme, Publications. Série A: Arrêts Et Décisions, Strasbourg, 1961, p. 5.
- ^ The French Community of Belgium also called Wallonia-Brussel Community is composed by the bilingual language area (Brussel) and the french language area (Wallonia) [1]
- ^ a b c Footnote: The Constitution set out seven institutions each of which can have a parliament, government and administration. In fact there are only six such bodies because the Flemish Region merged into the Flemish Community. This single Flemish body thus exercises powers about Community matters in the bilingual area of Brussels-Capital and in the Dutch language area, and about Regional matters only in the latter.
- ^ Footnote: Apart from the municipalities with language facilities for individuals, the French language area has three more municipalities in which the second language in education legally has to be either Dutch or German, whereas in its municipalities without special status this would also allow for English. Lebrun, Sophie (2003-01-07). "Langues à l'école: imposées ou au choix, un peu ou beaucoup" (in French). La Libre Belgique's web site. http://www.lalibre.be/article.phtml?id=10&subid=90&art_id=97822. Retrieved on 2007-08-17.
- ^ a b "The Federal Government's Powers". .be Portal. Belgian Federal Government. http://www.belgium.be/eportal/application?origin=navigationBanner.jsp&event=bea.portal.framework.internal.refresh&pageid=indexPage&navId=6188. Retrieved on 2007-05-23.
- ^ a b "The Communities". .be Portal. Belgian Federal Government. http://www.belgium.be/eportal/application?origin=navigationBanner.jsp&event=bea.portal.framework.internal.refresh&pageid=indexPage&navId=2686. Retrieved on 2007-05-23.
- ^ a b "The Regions". .be Portal. Belgian Federal Government. http://www.belgium.be/eportal/application?origin=navigationBanner.jsp&event=bea.portal.framework.internal.refresh&pageid=indexPage&navId=2690. Retrieved on 2007-05-23.
- ^ a b c "Structuur van de bevolking – België / Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest / Vlaams Gewest / Waals Gewest (2000-2006)" (in Dutch) (asp). FOD/SPF Economie (Federal Government Service Economy) – Algemene Directie Statistiek en Economische Informatie. © 1998/2007. http://statbel.fgov.be/figures/d21_nl.asp#3. Retrieved on 2007-05-08.
- ^ http://www.fed-parl.be/gwuk0015.htm#E11E15
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